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• What's the fat content of the low-carb product? Remember, fat contains calories and the breakdown of certain types of fats causes toxins and other potential long-term health risks such as cancer and heart disease. • Does the low-carb product contain hydrogenated oils?The by-products of hydrogenated oils are trans-fatty acids. Trans-fatty acids have been linked to heart disease. • What types ofpreservatives, level of sodium content, and food additives does the low-carb product contain? The. same scrutiny used in reading con- ventional food labels in regard to sodium content should be exercised with low-carb labels, particularly for people with high blood pressure or poten- tial allergies to artificial preservatives such as monosodium glutamate, food colorings, and so on. Let's not replace one set of problems with another. Refer to APPENDIX B, "Recommended Products" for recommendations of high-quality, good-tasting, low-carb products. MICRONUTRIENTS: VITAMINS AND MINERALS If you're like most Americans, chances are you have at least one-and probably several-half-full bottles of vitamin and mineral supplements in your medicine cabinet. And no wonder. It seems that every day some new study or article or health guru states that vitamin X or mineral Y will help you stay healthy or prevent some horrible disease. Then, the next day, a new study or article or guru says the stuff you just bought is no good. Worse, vitamin X can ac- tually cause a different but equally horrible disease. What you really need is Vitamin Z! Thanks to an increasingly health-conscious public and relentless mar- keting, sales of vitamins and other nutritional supplements have skyrock- eted. According to the Council for Responsible Nutrition, a trade group for the supplement industry, an estimated 100 million Americans are spending $6.5 billion a year on vitamins, minerals, and nutritional supple- ments. That's up from $3 billion in 1990. Two factors are driving the explosive growth in supplement sales. First, as the baby boomers get older, more and more people are becoming active participants in their own health care. This consumer health care movement is being fueled by easier access to medical information and acceptance by traditional medical organizations of health care options such as acupunc- ture and chiropractic. The other reason for all the marketing hype about nutritional supple- ments is the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. This law allows supplement makers to market their products as "dietary supple- ments" and thus avoid the scientific scrutiny and expense of the FDA pre- scription drug review process. As long as supplement manufacturers do not claim that their products offer specific health benefits, they're free to sell their wares over the counter, through mail order, and over the Internet. Confused? The following pages will help you sort through the hype. We'll start with a brief review of vitamin and mineral fundamentals.